![]() ![]() The researchers presented their analyses in a series of scientific papers, published in the journals Physical Letters B, Journal of High Energy Physics, and Physical Review D. The researchers found that both the production of real Z 0 bosons and the exchange of virtual Z 0 bosons at HERA were in excellent agreement with the Standard Model of particle physics. ![]() Together with their colleagues from the international H1 collaboration, the ZEUS scientists also studied the exchange of virtual Z 0 bosons between weakly interacting particles. The Higgs boson is associated with the Higgs field, which explains the masses of the other bosons. ![]() Photons and gluons are carriers of the electromagnetic and strong nuclear forces, respectively. Z and W bosons mediate the weak nuclear force. (Left) Z0 particles are one type of force carriers in the Standard Model of particle physics. The production of Z0 bosons, which were discovered at the research center CERN (Switzerland) in 1983, was a very rare process in HERA’s electron/positron–proton collisions. (Right) The Z0 bosons manifest themselves in a peak in the data that were recorded with the ZEUS detector over a time span of 15 years (1992–2007). An international team of particle physicists identified 15 Z0 bosons in over 500 million particle collision events at DESY’s former HERA accelerator. ![]()
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